Resources
Resources
In partnership with countries around the world, we have developed hundreds of resources to help strengthen the foundations of health systems. Please search our Resources to learn more about our publications, research, programmatic approaches, tools, and learnings.


PHC Costing, Analysis, and Planning (PHC-CAP) Tool
The PHC Costing, Analysis, and Planning (PHC-CAP) Tool helps program planners and decision makers increase coverage and improve the quality of primary health care (PHC) services. The tool allows users to monitor their PHC performance and identify where additional funding is needed to deliver quality services across health care systems, specifically at which geographic locations and for which services or facility levels.
Topical
Assessment of the Impact of Good Pharmacy Practices Training among Drug Dispensers in Bangladesh
Abstract A new study on the impact of Good Pharmacy Practices training among Grade C pharmacists in Bangladesh found that those who completed th…
Uganda Reduces Antibiotic Misuse, Improves Prescription Practices, New Study Shows
Accelerating the End of TB: Field Research from Management Sciences for Health—2008-2022
Understanding the Role of Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania’s Health System
In Tanzania, a public-private partnership launched in 2003 used an accreditation approach to improve access to quality medicines and pharmaceutical…
Accrediting Retail Drug Shops to Strengthen Tanzania’s Public Health System: An ADDO Case Study
In 2003, we worked with Tanzania’s Ministry of Health and Social Welfare to develop a public-private partnership based on a holistic approach…
The Quality of Selected Essential Medicines Sold in Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets and Pharmacies in Tanzania
The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of a select group of medicines sold in accredited drug dispensing outlets (ADDOs) and phar…

Accredited Drug Seller Initiatives Publication Compendium: 2009–2017
Increasing Access to Subsidized Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy through Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania
In Tanzania, many people seek malaria treatment from retail drug sellers. The National Malaria Control Program identified the accredited drug dispensi…
Engaging the Private Sector to Improve Antimicrobial Use in the Community: Experience from Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania
A public-private partnership in Tanzania launched the accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program to improve access to quality medicines and p…
What Motivates Antibiotic Dispensing in Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania? A Qualitative Study
Tanzania introduced the accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) program more than a decade ago. Previous evaluations have generally sho…
Improvements in Access to Malaria Treatment in Tanzania after Switch to Artemisinin Combination Therapy and the Introduction of Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets: A Provider Perspective
Abstract Background To improve access to treatment in the private retail sector a new class of outlets known as accredited drug dispensing outlets (AD…
What roles do accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania play in facilitating access to antimicrobials? Results of a multi-method analysis
People in low-income countries purchase a high proportion of antimicrobials from retail drug shops, both with and without a prescription…
Can Formalizing Links among Community Health Workers, Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlet Dispensers, and Health Facility Staff Increase Their Collaboration to Improve Prompt Access to Maternal and Child Care? A Qualitative Study in Tanzania
An intervention brought together community health workers, health facility staff, and accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) dispensers to …
Mystery Shopping in Community Drug Shops: Research as Development in Rural Tanzania
Abstract Background Throughout Africa, the private sector plays an important role in malaria treatment complementing formal health services. However t…
Creating a New Class of Pharmaceutical Services Provider for Underserved Areas: The Tanzania Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlet Experience
Abstract The Problem In developing countries, the most accessible source of treatment for common conditions is often an informal drug shop, where drug…