In many countries, the health system is undermined not only by a lack of resources, but a lack of systems to effectively manage the people, medicines, money, and information that contribute to improved health outcomes. The situation is especially acute in fragile and post-conflict states, where services are hampered by political instability, economic uncertainty, grave security concerns, and natural disasters. In such environments, there is an urgent need for large-scale responses that have a lasting impact on health.